Translation
problems amongst Arab translators may above all and more than anything else
widen, enlarge, expand and enhance not only mankind knowledge but also
awareness that can potentially trigger a wide range of factual points on this
topic. There are a variety of points that are going to be spelled out as this
study drags on such as clarification of the notion of translation, semantic
obstacles, structure, word for word
translation, the use of scientific expression, dealing with literary
language, the difficulty of subtitling, and the problem of syntax and so on.
In the
aftermath of having the definition of translation it would be of a pivotal
importance to kick-start explanation by further concentration on semantic
troubles that are out there amongst Arab students who on one form or another
have specialty in the field of translation. When having to translate a text
from the English language that is the source language into Arabic that is the
target language those translators have some sort of misunderstanding over the
text they deal with in the sense that they tend to interpret the text in a way
that is not correct but in a way that is completely wrong in no uncertain
terms. An example that might bring about clarification of that is as follows,
take into account the following expression, the United
States secretary of States, this expression will be dealt
with semantically wrong because it means prime minister but in the American
English they say the United
States
Taking about
this semantic error what is the reason behind all this? This question might
remain unanswered for many people who are doing intensive study on this field
or who are having an awful lot of concern on this field but once can say far
from being disadvantaged that the whole matter is due to having limited
practice or insufficient knowledge over this field of science as one might have
put it.
Structural
problems is there among student or translators because having to ignore the
structure of the text is going at the end of the day to lead to a text the is
not as clear as it should be in case of taking structure into account.
Structure is as important is semantic is unequivocally. No one can turn a blind
eye on that whatsoever. Ignorance of this knowledge of structure is going to
bring about failure in the proper introduction of clearer meaning, pure
language, perfect understanding, typical transfer of meaning, best convey of
ideas and so on so forth and the list is endless. Translator is considered as a
person or as an artist because he or she has a great deal of skills not only
science this is entirely because of the idea or the fact that science has
exceptions and certain defective scientific rules. Skills must be there as
translators deal with the text. On the basis of what has been mention so far
both scientific rules of grammar
and skills that translators have are regarded as complementary, indivisible and
interdependent. There is no potential separation between them all and if they
are not united as translation takes place then the translator runs the risk of
failure to convey the perfect message, facts and ideas to the recipient. There
will be an example about the structure and the construction of the sentence in
order to provide a so much more transparent meaning of this structure and
construction of sentences. Consider the following example as far as experience
is there. This example is taken from the British Broadcasting Corporation ,
BBC, which is in effect a quite genuinely reliable source of information and
more than anything else it is trusted because news presenters and journalists
are native speakers of English. The example is as follows, “Ever since the
collapse of the Soviet Union there have been fears that bomb-making materials
or even nuclear war heads might be smuggled out to would be nuclear powers the
United States is already heavily involved in helping Russia to secure and store
nuclear materials retrieved from its massive stock pile of weapons but by far
the most serious proliferation threat is the spread of nuclear know-how the
danger that poorly paid Russian weapons scientists may simply leave the country
and sold their talents to the highest bidder”.
Analysis of this journalistic report is going
to shed the light on the interpretation of how translation takes place in
accordance with knowledge of structure and construction. “Ever since the
collapse of the Soviet Union there have been fears that bomb-making materials
or even nuclear war heads might be smuggled out to would be nuclear powers” is
a long sentence which in essence tends to produce confusion for some if not all
translators specially those who are not experienced enough. “ever since” is
difficult to translate for some translators because they say that since is used
with the present perfect tense and here it is not used with the present perfect
tense so it lead to some sort of confusion as well as misunderstanding. “ever
since” means ever so this semantic problem in addition to this long structure
might complicate the problem further and more than one would expect. “Ever
since the collapse of the Soviet Union ” can
not stand alone because the meaning is not complete. “there have been fears
that bomb-making materials or even nuclear war heads might be smuggled out to
would be nuclear powers” gives a complete meaning but this meaning is
considered as a gap having a glimpse on the whole reports this is because it is
associated with the first sentence. On the basis of what has been mentioned one
can say that understanding the structure of the sentence is important in order
to be a better translator.
Another
problem of structure is found in the following sentence: “the United States is already heavily involved in
helping Russia United States is already
heavily involved in helping Russia
There is almost certainly stark problematic area
translators have that is word for word translation to put bluntly. Due to the
existence of cultural differences among nations the translator results to word
for word translation unintentionally and this engulfs him or her with mistakes.
Those mistakes are not vehemently noticeable to the translator from one hand
and from the other hand the translator think or feels that translation is more
than perfect. This is regarded as applicable to scores of translators. The
reason behind this might go something like this, the translator does not have
enough ideas or knowledge about the text he or she deals with therefore word
for word translation takes place. The potential solution to iron out this
problematic matter is to have an idea exhaustively on the topic he or she
addresses and that is considered as part and parcel of far more acceptable
translation. One can say that the best translation and the perfect translation
is the one that is based on a written form that is as exactly similar as a text
that is originally written by native speaker of the TL the target language. The
reader of the translated text must not feel that the text is translated instead
there should be a feeling that the text is originally written by a native
speaker of the target language. For instance, if there is an Arabic text and
this Arabic text will be translated into English then the English reader of the
translated text must not feel that the text is originally written in another
language. The English reader should get the impression that there is an English
writer who wrote this text. In other words the text must appear as if it is
originally written in English.
One problem also is that translators do not
consider the scientific expressions but they use expressions that do not belong
to science or may be partially similar to the correct ones. This idea for the
most part and tremendously is because of what has become known as
generalization and over generalization. This is in one side or another known
among linguists as a serious problem for those embarked on and indulged in
learning another language. Those people who are bilinguals and translators tend
to adhere to what is known as generalization. Difficulty is out there therefore
translators find out a potential solution in order to get out of this problem
and they find it is easy to over generalize as a solution. This actually does
occur when the translator does not find the right equivalent for certain
vocabulary or say for certain terminology of the selected text of translation.
As far as experience is there, one of translators did translate the following
expression "the international boozing criticism". Actually this is
not something correct. He wanted to refer to that organization or institution
that donates money to investors and financial schemes or for poorer countries
of the developing world. Criticism is related to literature and arts. Instead
of saying boxing he should have said fund. Instead of saying criticism he
should have said monitory. The right translation is international monitory fund
that is known economically as IMF among financial dealers and on financial
grounds and in the field of business.
Furthermore, not committing to literary language
is one of the problems that is out there in case of doing this type of
translation. The adverbs of degree should be used in order to be able to convey
the same degree as translation goes on. The use of language of emotions and
feelings that is peppered with adverbs of degree has a pivotal importance to
render a quite strong meaning to readers, audience and so on so forth. If one
says the sea is thundered like a storm, the sea sounded like a sandpaper
cleaning wood, the sea whispered in your ears as a friend telling you secrets,
the sea roared like a tiger, the sea hissed like a change in your pocket. In
the aftermath oh having a look at this literary language, one can come to the
conclusion that it is an extraordinarily strange language and it is not
well-known one. Here it is fraught with metaphors and similes. Those figures of
speech. Figures of speech are not as simple as one might have thought at all.
There should be further concerns and thoughts over this consequently meaning
could be made clear for people who would more appreciate the language of
literature. The idea that this literary language is dissimilar from ordinary
language of the ordinary members of the public has become quite clearly
important this is entirely because the kind of language has a major role in
translation and the best translator is the one who knows the kind of people he
or she addresses. Old English or the English language of Shakespeare is much
more difficult if compared with recent English language and language of news
and ordinary people. The perfect translator must take this into account.
Steadily though, one can refer to the idea of identification of the kind of
language before the translator rekindles his or her translation
process. The translator must avert being not one-sided. For
instance, shall he or she be objective or subjective? Shall he or she transfer
the kind of the original writer's attitude? Shall the translator interfere
within the inner meaning or the outer shape of the literary work? Shall the translator
be very typical when carrying out translation work? Shall the translator be not
honest in terms of doing some sort of changes that may tarnish the value of the
original literary work such as a novel, a novella, a poem, a short story, a
sonnet, a play and tale? Shall the translator follow straightforward pattern?
Shall the translator keep translation on the basis of simpler language? Shall
the translator be further committed to difficult language that is full of and
beefed up with uncommon vocabulary? Shall the translator stick to one kind of
language in a way that turns out to be dull? Shall the translator follow one
form of slippery language of different levels? There are a great deal of
questions that are remained unanswered. The good translator might be the one
who tends to pick up his or her own approach over the perfect kind of
acceptable translation. There is no one clear-cut or deep-seated approach of
unique translation. The translator might be as the same as the good teacher in
terms of selection of the most suitable way of conduction the work.
References
·
ReferencesKelly,
L.G. (1979). The True Interpreter: a History of Translation Theory and Practice
in the West. New York , St.
Martin 's Press. ISBN 0-312-82057-7.
·
Lin,
Grace Hui Chin (2008) Oral Translation of Poetry in Tung Dynasty through
Communication Strategies [8]
·
Miłosz, Czesław, The History of Polish Literature,
2nd ed., Berkeley, University
of California
·
Muegge, Uwe
(2005). Translation Contract: A Standards-Based Model Solution. AuthorHouse. ISBN 1-4184-1636-3.
·
Parks, Tim,
Translating Style: A Literary Approach to Translation—A Translation Approach to
Literature, Manchester , St. Jerome
·
Piron, Claude,
Le défi des langues — Du gâchis au bon sens (The Language Challenge: From Chaos
to Common Sense), Paris, L'Harmattan, 1994